By submitting required information via Crowdo website, everyone can become an Lender on Crowdo Platform Lender. To begin the application process, signup and login to the website and click on the "Become Lender" link. Once your application has been approved, you will be a Qualified Lender and start making investments. Please note that SGD and USD denominated investments are only open to Accredited Lender (AI) or Institutional Lender (II) as per Monetary Authority of Singapore definition. To apply to be an AI and II, please click on "Accreditation".

For Crowdo SGD and USD denominated investments only: 1) Individual, who has - (a) Net Personal Assets > S$2mm (or equivalent in other currency), but net equity of primary residence capped at S$1 million ( or equivalent other currency); ; or (b) Annual Income (preceding 12 months) > S$ 300,000 2) Corporation - Net assets > S$ 10mm (or equivalent) 3) Trustees of a trust

For Crowdo SGD and USD denominated investments only: 1) MAS - Licensed Financial Institutions 2) Funds (Pension Funds, CIS, Sovereign Wealth Funds) 3) RFMC (Serving =< 30 qualified Lenders) 4) The Government and Specified Statutory Boards 5) Supranational governmental organisation

For Crowdo MYR denominated equity investments only:

Malaysia Tax Residents: Institutional Lenders with minimum net assets of 10mn MYR, and High Net Worth Individuals with total wealth or net personal assets of 3 mn MYR and above (either MYR or foreign currency equivalents).

Non-Malaysia Tax Residents: Same definition as above in foreign currency equivalents.

For Crowdo MYR denominated equity investments only: A registered member of the Malaysia Business Angel Network (MBAN)

Any eligible Lender who does not fit the criteria of Sophisticated Lender, Angel Lender or Accredited Lender

Crowdo. We have a number of measures in place to evaluate the Borrower's submission, including conducting upfront checks, holding entrepreneurs and businesses accountable for the information they have provided us, and, if necessary taking legal action against the entrepreneurs and businesses for non-compliance.

Crowdo. We have a number of measures in place; including conducting upfront checks, holding Entrepreneurs and Businesses accountable for the information they have provided us, and, if necessary taking legal action against the entrepreneurs and businesses for non-compliance.

For Debt loan, you should expect to receive in return the amount you invested (principle) plus an interest amount (interest return). Principle + interest return are repaid according to a pre-agreed repayment schedule.

For Equity Offer, you will become a shareholder of the Issuer. These shares may be direct shareholding or via a nominee. Please review each Offer in detail to see which is the case.

There are a number of reasons you may want to invest in a Loan: 1) To diversify your investment portfolio with an investment product (SMEs Loan) currently not widely available via traditional investment channels 2) To generate an additional source of income via a fixed income investment; 3) To help SMEs to grow their business and build a stronger economy; Lenders should implement a diversification strategy when building an investment portfolio. Diversification involves spreading your money across multiple investments in order to have investments that will sustain in adverse market conditions and mitigate losses. However, it will not lessen all types of risk.

There are a number of reasons you may want to invest in an Offer: 1) To diversify your investment portfolio. 2) To make a return on your investment. 3) To help a friend launch their business. 4) To help small businesses. Lenders should sought a diversification strategy when building an investment portfolio. Diversification involves spreading your money across multiple investments. Providing you with a greater peace of mind as your investments are affected by adverse market conditions and losses. However, it will not necessarily reduce the different types of risk.

The Lender has to bear the risk that the Borrower may not repay their debt. There are several factors used by Lenders to assess the risk of an investment such as: Borrower's past repayment history, Borrower's financial situation and assets pledged as collateral to the debt financing. In general, risker investments are expected to give higher return to Lenders to compensate for the risk taken. Besides, Lenders may bear also the currency risk. The table below shows the highest and lowest rates of returns (excluding defaulted loans) and weighted average rate of returns (excluding defaulted loans), net of fee and charges to Lenders for our disbursed loans in each of th epast calendar year and the non-performing loan rates, computed as the ratio of loans outstanding over the total amount of loans disbursed in each of the past calendar years. The ratios presented are a snapshot of our statistics for each of the past calendar years and do not include the subsequent recoveries of loans outstanding.

Lenders should note that historical rates of returns may not reflect future returns.

Indonesia Portfolio
Singapore Portfolio

You will be investing in very early stage businesses. The typical risks are as follows: 1. The Issuer fails and closes the business. In this case, it is highly likely that the Lenders will not be able to recover their original investment; 2. Lack of liquidity. Even if the business succeeds, it may take a substantial period of time until Lenders are able to sell their shares in the business; 3. Dilution of the Lender's shareholding. If the business raises subsequent fundraising and issues new shares, participants in previous rounds of investments will now own a smaller % of the entire company. For more information, visit our Risk Warning section.

There is no limit to the investment amount into a Loan. As an Lender Member you can diversify your investments across a portfolio of different loans and equity offers. However, an Lender should only invest the amount that they are comfortable with based on the risk profile of the investment.

As Lender you should only invest amounts that you are comfortable with based on the risk profile of the investments.

For MYR denominated investments only you will need to abide by the investment limits imposed by the Securities Commission of Malaysia as follows: Sophisticated Lender: No Investment cap;
Angel Lender: 500k MYR per 12 month period (or its foreign currency equivalent);
Retail Lender: Maximum of 5,000 MYR per Issuer and up to 50,000 MYR per 12 month period (or its foreign currency equivalent)

Each loan published on the P2P platform clearly states the interest rate to be returned to Lenders. The exact repayment schedule is also displayed in the fact sheet. If you bid an amount lower than the principle, the repayment you are entitled to will be prorated according to your investment amount and visible in your online portfolio (My Portfolio page)

Each Issuer decides the amount it wishes to raise in exchange for an agreed upon percentage of its equity, and each Lender's equity interest will be proportionate to the size of their investment.

The amount you bid on that fundraising loan will be refunded to your online account.

At the end of the funding period, if the Loan confirm the loan, the next step will be the completion process. During the completion process, we will facilitate the transfer of money in exchange of the Lender funds via the escrow account. The Lender's funds will continue to be protected and the Bank Trustee will only release the funds if it is satisfied. This process may take a few days. After everything is completed, Lenders will be notified of their investment status.

The Fund Trustee will initiate a refund process and your funds will be restored based on your original mode of payment.

At the end of the Offer period, if the Offer has reached its minimum target, the next step will be the completion process. During the completion process, we will facilitate the transfer of shares in exchange for the Lender funds via the escrow account. The Lender's funds will continue to be protected and the Bank Trustee will only release the funds if it is satisfied. This process may take a few weeks. After everything is completed, Lenders will be notified of their shareholding status either by the Issuer or the nominee.

Please note that all investments and refunds are processed in Singapore Dollar (SGD), Malaysian Ringgit (MYR), Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) or US Dollar (USD) depending on offers and could be affected by exchange rate fluctuations if your investment was in a other foreign currency. Additionally, depending on your mode of investment, there will be bank transfer and payment processing fees to be borne by the Lender member.

No. You will be prompted to top up your account balance in order to be able to invest.

For Debt Loan, your investment will not be made public.

For Equity Offer, Lenders will be able to choose whether to make investments public or anonymous through the platform. However, Issuers will have transparency to participating Lenders, and if a Offer is successful (depending on the shareholding structure), your ownership & shareholding in the Issuer may be made public.

No. The investment amount you bid to a loan will be secured in your online account until the offer is successful. Only when the fundraising is set as successful, the funds are transferred to the Borrower. If the fundraising is not successful, then the funds will be returned to the participating Lenders.

No. Your investment amount will be held in a Trustee Account until the end of the Offer period. Only in cases where the Offer reaches its minimum target amount prior to the expiry date of the Offer will the funds be transferred to the Issuer in exchange for the issuance of new shares to the Lenders. If the Offer fails to reach its minimum target, then the funds will be returned to the participating Lenders.

No.

Yes. During the cooling off period, the Issuer may decide to reject your funds at its own discretion. The cooling off period means six Business Days, or such other period as may be agreed by the Issuer and the Platform Operator in writing.

No. Despite some debt notes being personal/ corporate guaranteed, it does not mean your investment will definitively be returned. You should notice that your investment will have risks. However, you will be able to invest in offers with different risk profiles. For example you will be able to find offers with collateral which are generally considered less risky than uncollateralized loans.

A default event is defined as 90 Days delayed repayment. If an Issuer delays a repayment for more than 90 days, this is considered a default and the default procedure is triggered.

In the case of collateralized loan or loan with personal/corporate guarantee, the default procedure consists of liquidating the collateral and/or claim for the guarantee. The proceeds of the liquidation net of legal fees will be used to repay the outstanding principle to Lenders.

In case of non collateralized debt, Crowdo will engage the Loan Borrower to explore potential repayment options while keeping the Lender informed of the progress.

The Loan Tier is Crowdo's proprietary index of the risk profile of the loan. There are 6 levels: A+ (less risky), A, B, C, D, E (higher risk). There are several factors used to assess the risk of an loan and assign the Tier. Some of the factors are: Issuer's past repayment history, borrower's financial situation and assets pledged as collateral to the debt. In general risker investments are expected to give higher return to Lenders to compensate for the risk taken.

It is important to note that these Loan Tiers are specific to Crowdo published loans and they are different for tiers or labels use by other companies or institutions and therefore they should not be used for risk comparison with loans or other investments outside of Crowdo platform.

During the Offer period, all Lender funds are kept in an escrow account under the care of the Fund Trustee. The Fund Trustee has specific instructions on when it is allowed to release funds to the Issuer (When the Offer is successful), and when it must facilitate the return of funds to the Lenders (When the Offer is unsuccessful). The Issuer does not have any access to the funds during the Offer period.

The repayment is calculated using an effective annual interest rate. The annual effective interest rate is the annual rate that is charged for financing (or made by investing) which takes into account the compounding effect. The repayment schedule is calculated to give Lenders a constant monthly repayment amount which pay off his/her investment with the specified interest rate, over the specified period. The constant monthly instalment amount is calculated using the PMT formula in Excel: Monthly Instalment = PMT(Effective Annual Interest Rate/12, # of repayments, debt principle) The break down of monthly principle repayment and monthly interest repayment can be calculated as following: a) Monthly principle repayment amount is calculated using the PPMT formula in Excel: Principle Repayment Month n = PPMT(Effective Annual Interest Rate/12, n, # of repayments, debt principle) b) Monthly interest repayment amount is calculated using the IPMT formula in Excel: Interest Repayment Month n = IPMT(Effective Annual Interest Rate/12, n, # of repayments, debt principle) You can also calculate the monthly interest repayment using the following formula: Interest Amount Month n = (Outstanding Balance Mount n) * (Effective Annual Interest Rate) / 12.

The effective interest rate is the annualized rate that is charged for debt financing (or made by investing) which takes into account the compounding effect. As an Lender you will receive every month a repayment which includes monthly principle repayment plus monthly interest return. The monthly interest return is calculated every month as the agreed interest rate on the outstanding principle. The outstanding principle is the amount you invested minus all the monthly principles already repaid to you.

The annual percentage rate is the annual rate that is charged for debt financing (or made by investing), expressed as a single percentage number that represents the actual yearly cost of funds over the term of a the debt. If the Lender invests 10,000 SGD in a 12 month debt with 10% annual percentage rate and monthly repayment, the monthly interest amount is calculated at 10% of the principle such as: month 1 return = (10% on 10k SGD)/12, month 2 return = (10% of 10k SGD)/12, month 3 return = 10% of SGD 10k SGD)/12, etc.

For Equity investment Lenders can cancel or modify their investment bids at any time during the cooling off period. For Loan investment Lenders can cancel or modify their investment bids at any time during the fundraising period. You can cancel/modify your investment bid from the My Investments section of the website.

You will be able to withdraw your Available Balance ( committed amount is excluded) from your online account any time after 1 month from your first Top Up.

For IDR denominated loans: you will have a Participation Agreement where you appoint Crowdo as your agent for that specific investment and a Debt Note which constitutes the actual loan agreement between you and the borrower.

For SGD and USD denominated loans: you will have the Terms & Condition of Application, Escrow Agent Agreement and receive an Application Form on your dashboard. After the offer is fully funded, you will receive a Notes Certificates and other transaction related legal documents on your dashboard.

To be able to bid an amount to an Debt Loan or Equity Offer during the fundraising period you need to have an available balance in your online account, which is equal to or greater than the amount your want to bid. This amount will be frozen in your account until the end of the fundraising period and labelled as "Bid Amount". If the fundraising is successful the amount will be invested in the selected offer. If the fundraising is not successful the Bid Amount will be release to your online account.

To be able to Top Up your account you need to be an Lender Member. If you are an Lender you can click on "Top Up" button in your Lender Dashboard to find the instructions to top-up your online account. To top-up you need to: 1 - Transfer the amount you want to add to your online account to a designated bank account via regular bank transfer. In the transaction description add your online account number which you can find in the Top Up page. Minimum top up amount is IDR 2,000,000 for your IDR account, or SGD 10,000 for your SGD account. 2 - Scan or take a picture of the proof of payment and uploaded to you online account in the Top-Up page. 3 - As soon as your transfer is confirmed your account balance will be updated accordingly.

If a Loan has a collateral, the collateral is pledged by the Borrower before the funds are disbursed. The collateral is safeguarded by one of our trusted partners or secured by a notary fiduciary or deed.

The value of the collateral is evaluated at the time of financing application by a professional with relevant experience in assessing same / similar assets. The LTV is calculated as a % of the collateral assessment taking into account the quality of the asset, any Issuer historical repayment performance and other factors.

Crowdo does not charge any fee if you withdraw your money but the amount you receive would be net of bank transfer fees. The amount of the transfer fee will depend on the type of transfer as well as the fee of your local banks.

(Note: The following does not constitute, nor should be considered as tax or investment advice. Lenders must consult personally with their tax advisor to understand the tax implications most relevant to their personal situation.)

Generally, income derived from transactions processed through the platform are subject to tax.

For Indonesia Tax Residents investing in IDR denominated investments: the reference tax rate is 15% (income tax) applied to the interest earned from their investment returns. In order to incorporate this income into your tax reporting efficiently, Lenders should consider engaging with a tax consultant.

For Non Indonesian Residents investing in IDR denominated investments: The interest payments from borrower(s) to Lenders would be deemed as income originated in Indonesia and subject to withholding tax. The liability to withhold rests with Loan Borrower. Therefore, in connection with the loan, there should be no Indonesian tax implications for Non Indonesia Resident Lenders. Nevertheless Non Indonesia Residents Lender might be subjected to taxation on Indonesian investment in their country residence and/or origin.

For Singapore Tax Residents investing in SGD denominated investments: according to Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore (IRAS), interest income from loans to companies are taxable at progressive tax rates for tax residents.

For Non Singapore Tax Residents investing in SGD denominated investments: tax rates are generally at 15% and subjected to withholding. The tax rates could differ on a case-by-case basis e.g., tax treaties.

Exchange rate risk or currency risk is a form of risk that arises from the change of exchange rate of one currency against another. These fluctuations result from the unpredictable gains and losses incurred when profits from foreign investments are converted from the foreign currency into Lender's currency. For example, if your money denomination is not SGD when you invest in SGD loans your investment is exposed to exchange rate risk.

Please refer to related section in Membership Agreements.

All notifications will be sent out electronically via the email contact provided by the Lender member and also posted on the Equity Offer page. The notifications will be sent out by the Crowdo Team

Please refer to related section in Membership Agreements.

Lenders, who hold shares of a business, are entitled them to participate in selling off (for capital gains) when the business completes an IPO or a trade sell. In some cases, but rare, businesses will issue dividends to their shareholders.

You can withdraw the available balance on your Crowdo account at any time.

An Equity fundraising campaign is considered successful when the funds raised have reached the minimum agreed target amount.

A Loan fundraising campaign is considered successful when the funds raised have reached 80% of the target amount. If the funds raised are less than 80% target amount the Borrower has the option to either accept or reject the fund raised. In this case if the Borrower accepts the amount raised the Loan fundraising campaign will be considered successful.

An Issuer has a choice of either direct shareholding and/or shareholding via a nominee. This information will be posted on the Offer and should be taken it into consideration before making an investment.

Under a nominee structure, the nominee will be reflected on the Issuer's shareholder registry and the Lender will become the ultimate beneficiary owner (UBO) of the Issuer shares via the nominee. The nominee's role will be to represent the UBOs at the Issuer's AGMs and other events which require shareholder representation and input.

No. As one of SE. Asia's longest running platforms, you will have the benefit of getting exposure to our existing community base. However, we do not act as promoters for individual Borrowers.

No

Most businesses worldwide are eligible to raise funding in Crowdo platform.

For IDR denominated loan, a Borrower may raise up to 2 Billion IDR.
For SGD and USD denominated loan the limit must fit within the prospectus exemptions.

No. Each submitted fundraising request will need to be vetted by the Crowdo team before being published on the website.

If the fundraising is successful you will receive the funds from the Lenders (loan principle) and you are expected to repay to the Lenders the loan principle amount + interest, according to the pre-agreed repayment schedule and interest rate.

No. Before each Loan is published, the Borrower is required to set the duration of the fundraising period. You are only allowed to access Lender funds if the fundraising is successful before the expiry of your fundraising period. If at the end of the fundraising the fundraising amount is above 80% of the fundraising target the fundraising is considered successful, if the fundraising amount is below 80% the Borrower has the option to accept or reject the Loan.

You can set your funding period to any time between 10 to 45 days. This duration is decided before the launch of your fundraising loan.

For IDR denominated loans all approved and registered members on the platform will be able to view the published offer information on the Crowdo Platform.

For SGD and USD denominated loans only Accredited Lenders and Institutional Lenders can view the offer information on Crowdo Platform.

To be approved as an Borrower on Crowdo, you will need to undergo a vetting process and also submit to us a set of business and financial information. To begin the application process, signup and login to the website and click on the "Apply For Loan" link.

If the fundraising loan is successful, the raised amount net of processing and administrative fees will be transferred to the bank account you have specified during the loan application process.

Yes, you will be allowed to have more active loans if you have good repayment records of existing or past financing activities.

No.

While Crowdo provides end-to-end support throughout the fundraising period, the Borrower is expected to take responsibility and leadership in promoting its fundraising in compliance with local regulations.

Basic fees charged to Borrower are processing fees and an administrative fee calculated based on the effort required to onboard and vet the financing application.

Before the launch of your fundraising loan, Crowdo will assist you in preparing your loan fact sheet. After your fundraising loan has been published, Crowdo may choose to publish your fundraising loan on our newsletter to our membership base.

Crowdo will provide infrastructure support to help collect the repayments from the Borrower and distribute it to the Lenders. The status of the repayment process will be updated and visible on the website.

(Note: The following does not constitute, nor should be considered as tax or investment advice. Lenders must consult personally with their tax advisor to understand the tax implications most relevant to their personal situation.)

For IDR denominated loan: If the Borrower borrows from Indonesia Resident Lenders there is no applicable tax arising specifically from the loan as long as it is recognized as an expense and the money are loaned by Indonesia Resident Lenders. However, if the borrower defaults on their loan, they will be required to recognize the loan as income on their tax reporting. If the Borrower borrows from Non Indonesia Resident Lenders, the interest payments from borrower to Non Indonesian Resident Lenders would be deemed as income originated in Indonesia and subject to withholding tax of 20% (domestic) or 10% under most of Indonesia's DTAs. The liability to withhold rests with the borrower.

For SGD denominated loan: If the Borrower raises financing from Singapore Resident Lenders there is no applicable tax arising specifically from the loan as long as it is recognized as an expense and the money are invested by Singapore Resident Lenders. If the Borrower raises financing from Non Singapore Resident Lenders, the interest payments from both Borrower to the Non Singapore Resident Lenders would be deemed as income originated in Singapore and subject to withholding tax of 15%. The liability to withhold rests with the Borrower.

No. Each submitted Offer will need to be vetted by the Crowdo team before being published on the website.

For SGD and USD denominated Equity Offer: Crowdo's aim is to facilitate fundraising for any company and venture capital fund anywhere in the world. For more details on eligibility, please review our Issuer Membership Agreement.

For MYR denominated Equity Offer: To be eligible to raise funding, you must be a Sdn Bhd (private limited company) incorporated in Malaysia with a paid up capital of less than 5 mn MYR or a Venture Capital Fund registered with the Securities Commission of Malaysia.

For SGD and USD denominated Equity Offer: the amount must fit within the prospectus exemptions.

For MYR denominated Equity Offer: a Sdn Bhd (private limited company) can raise up to 3mn MYR during a 12 month span and cumulatively 5mn MYR. A Venture Capital Fund can raise unlimited amounts of funds.

If the Offer is successful, you are expected to issue shares in accordance with your Offer details.

No. Before each offer is published, the Issuer is required to set the duration of the fundraising period. You are only allowed to access Lender funds if you achieve your minimum target amount in Lender commitments before the expiry of your fundraising period. If you do not achieve your minimum target amount, the funds are returned to the Lenders.

You can set your funding period to any time between 10 to 45 days. This duration is decided before the launch of your fundraising offer.

For MYR denominated Equity Offer: The Issuer is encouraged to actively market and promote their Offer via various social media, digital, events and other marketing channels to raise awareness with prospective Lenders and convince them to invest in your business.

For SGD and USD denominated Equity Offer: No public marketing is allowed during the Offer period. However, Issuer is encouraged to pitch to Lender during Events.

While we encourage Issuers to disclose as much information as possible to promote transparency and raise awareness with prospective Lenders, the Issuer will be able to choose information that it may only wish to disclose on an individual request basis.

No. As one of South East Asia's longest running crowdfunding platforms, you will gain exposure to our existing Lender community base. However, we do not act as promoters for individual Offers.

During the Offer period, all Lenders' funding commitments are managed by a non-Crowdo third party Trustee. The Trustee will liaise with all involved parties including the Issuer, Crowdo and the Issuer's corporate secretary to ensure a smooth exchange of funding and shares.

No, each Issuer may only have one active Offer at any point of time.

No, each Issuer may only have one active Offer at any point of time.

Yes, absolutely provided you have the funds to invest. Any indication of Offer manipulation may result in your Offer being suspended, modified or cancelled.

Yes, please notify the Crowdo Team and after we have seen the relevant paperwork, we can add it to your total.

Each Issuer will have a dedicated section on their Offer page to share progress the Issuer is making to prospective and participating Lenders. It is a great tool to raise visibility and credibility about your business.

While Crowdo provides end-to-end support throughout the Offer period, the Issuer is expected to take responsibility and leadership in promoting its campaign, increase public awareness and also actively participate in Lenders communication.

Basic fees charged to an Issuer are processing fees, onboarding fees and an administrative fee which is charged as a % of the funds raised.

Before the launch of your Offer, Crowdo will assist you in customizing your Offer marketing plan. After your Offer has been published, Crowdo may choose to publish your Offer on our newsletter to our membership base.